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The potential of metabolic coupling between neurons and oligodendrocytes has gained a lot of interest in recent years and it appears that oligodendrocytes also can release lactate

In this context, the main metabolic costs underlying neuronal activity involved not only the maintenance of the glutamate-glutamine cycle, but also the generation and propagation of action potentials, uptake and recycling of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft, and restoration and maintenance of resting membrane potential (reviewed in Attwell and Laughlin, + -dependent stimulation of astrocytic metabolism suggests that the actual glial contribution to total energy metabolism has been long underestimated (DiNuzzo et al., This article reviews the biochemical mechanisms associated with energy metabolism in brain cells, and provides a critical review of the traditional view of astrocytes being glycolytic and neurons oxidative, which has been challenged over the past years by evidence pointing to important rates of oxidative respiration in astrocytes, namely during increased brain activity

Stress Management: Chronic stress can deplete glutathione levels

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avium fruits, the carbonyl groups in the precursors react with ammonia forming ammonium salts [35]

Babcock AA, Kuziel WA, Rivest S, Owens T