liver glutathione concentration Reduced (GSH (□); mg/dL) in erythrocytes vs Dysregulation of glutathione synthesis in

Over the years, milk and water kefirs have gained a reputation for its excellent health effects that include antimicrobial (Powell et al., 2007), probiotics and improving gut health (Garrote et al., 2010), improving lactose digestion (Rattray & OConnell 2011), anticarcinogenic (Khoury et al., 2014), antioxidant (Chen et al., 2015), regulating cholesterol (Garca-Burgos et al., 2020) and more recently on controlling blood glucose level (Salari et al., 2021) through evidence of in-vitro and in-vivo researches when taken regularly at serving size typically ranging from 180 mL to 500 mL in a day (Chong et al., 2023

The candidates selected are predicted to be orally bioavailable according to the analysis of Lipinski et al

doi: 10.1017/S0022029920000886 56 ZhuHCaoWHuangYKarrowNAYangZ

(PubMed) Broome CS, McArdle F, Kyle JA, et al

CYP4A in tumor-associated macrophages promotes pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis

AgNP-mediated ROS production also affects the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, including NADPH-dependent flavoenzyme, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, disrupting the balance between ROS generation and detoxification (Dakal et al., 2016)